A low spatial resolution in an image is often a result of a small:

A low spatial resolution in an image is often a result of a small matrix size. The matrix size refers to the dimensions of the grid used to construct the image, typically expressed in terms of the number of rows and columns of pixels. When the matrix size is small, it means there are fewer pixels available to represent the image. Consequently, each pixel must cover a larger area of the subject being imaged, leading to a loss of detail and clarity. This results in lower spatial resolution, making it difficult to discern finer features in the image.

In contrast, other factors like exposure time, filtration level, and pixel density may affect aspects of image quality such as brightness, contrast, or noise but do not directly determine the spatial resolution in the same way that matrix size does. A larger matrix size increases the number of pixels and therefore enhances the ability to resolve finer details, contributing to higher spatial resolution.