Sterilization using an autoclave involves which method?

Sterilization using an autoclave involves the use of pressurized steam. This method is highly effective for sterilizing surgical instruments, laboratory equipment, and other heat-resistant materials. The autoclave operates by heating water to generate steam, which is then trapped in a sealed chamber. The combination of high temperature (typically around 121 to 134 degrees Celsius or 250 to 273 degrees Fahrenheit) and increased pressure effectively destroys microorganisms, including bacteria, viruses, and spores.

The pressurized steam not only raises the temperature above what is typically achievable with boiling water but also enhances the penetration of heat and moisture, leading to the thorough sterilization of items being treated. This method is preferred in many medical and scientific settings because it ensures a consistent and reliable sterilization process.

In contrast, the other choices represent different sterilization methods that are not utilized in an autoclave. Chemical sterilization involves the use of chemical agents, dry heat sterilization utilizes hot air without moisture, and radiation sterilization uses ionizing radiation to kill microorganisms. Each of these methods has its specific applications and limitations, further distinguishing them from the steam sterilization process of an autoclave.