What should be administered to a patient in a diabetic coma from hyperglycemia?

In the case of a patient in a diabetic coma due to hyperglycemia, administering insulin is the appropriate intervention. Hyperglycemia, characterized by high levels of glucose in the bloodstream, is often seen in diabetic patients when insulin production is insufficient or when the body cannot use insulin effectively.

Insulin plays a crucial role in helping to lower blood glucose levels by facilitating the uptake of glucose into the cells. This is essential in a hyperglycemic crisis, as the goal is to quickly reduce the blood glucose levels to prevent further complications like ketoacidosis or other serious metabolic derangements. Monitoring and managing blood glucose through insulin administration can stabilize the patient's condition and help them regain consciousness.

Other options, while relevant in different contexts of patient care, do not directly address the underlying issue of high blood glucose in the case of hyperglycemia. Glucagon, for instance, is used to raise blood sugar levels and is generally indicated for hypoglycemic patients rather than hyperglycemic ones. Saline solution may be administered for hydration or to address electrolyte imbalances, but it does not target the high glucose level directly. Electrolytes management may be part of the broader treatment plan but is secondary to the immediate needs associated with correcting hyperglycemia.