Which of the following are NOT used in direct capture digital radiography (DR) systems?

In the context of direct capture digital radiography (DR) systems, film cassettes are not utilized. DR systems are designed to directly convert x-rays into digital images, which distinguishes them from traditional film-based radiography that requires cassettes to hold the film.

Charge-coupled devices (CCDs) and detector panels are integral components of DR systems. CCDs are used in some forms of digital imaging, while detector panels, whether made with amorphous selenium or other technologies, are fundamental to the DR process as they directly capture x-ray photons and convert them to electrical signals.

Plate readers, on the other hand, are typically associated with computed radiography (CR), where photostimulable phosphor plates are used and then processed to create an image. Since DR systems do not rely on this type of processing with plates and their readers, this further emphasizes that film cassettes and plate readers are not part of the direct capture process, but detector panels and charge-coupled devices are. This highlights the advanced technology utilized in DR systems to enhance imaging quality and efficiency.