Which tests are commonly used to evaluate renal function? (Select three)

To evaluate renal function, several tests are commonly utilized, with serum creatinine being one of the primary indicators. Serum creatinine measures the level of creatinine in the blood, which is a waste product produced by muscle metabolism. The kidneys normally filter out creatinine, so elevated levels can indicate impaired renal function or decreased glomerular filtration rate.

Blood urea nitrogen (BUN) is also an important test used to assess kidney function. BUN measures the concentration of urea nitrogen in the blood, which is another waste product filtered out by the kidneys. An increase in BUN can suggest renal impairment, dehydration, or other conditions affecting the kidneys.

The glomerular filtration rate (GFR) provides a calculated estimate of the rate at which the kidneys filter blood, directly reflecting their functionality. A reduced GFR indicates that the kidneys are not filtering adequately, making it a vital measurement in evaluating renal health.

Urine pH, while useful in certain contexts such as assessing metabolic and respiratory conditions, is not primarily used to evaluate renal function itself. Therefore, the combination of serum creatinine, blood urea nitrogen, and glomerular filtration rate together gives a comprehensive view of the kidneys' ability to filter waste from the blood, making them