Which two statements regarding respiratory structures are true?

The correct answer provides accurate statements regarding the anatomy of the respiratory system. The apex of the lung is indeed the portion that is located superior to the clavicle, which is a critical anatomical landmark in thoracic medicine. The description of the lungs being enclosed in visceral pleura is also correct. The visceral pleura is a thin, serous membrane that closely covers the lung surfaces, helping to provide a frictionless environment for lung expansion and contraction during breathing.

In terms of the other statements, they contain elements that are either misleading or inaccurate. For example, while the trachea does branch into the bronchi and the diaphragm is the primary muscle for respiration, it's essential to recognize that these different anatomical features play distinct roles in the respiratory process. The statement regarding the lungs being surrounded by parietal pleura is also incorrect because it confuses the two types of pleura: the parietal pleura lines the thoracic cavity rather than enclosing the lungs directly. Additionally, gas exchange actually occurs in the alveoli of the lungs, not in the trachea, which solely serves to transport air. Thus, understanding the correct labeling and function of these respiratory components is vital for a clear comprehension of respiratory anatomy and function.