Which type of joint is the sternoclavicular (SC) joint?

The sternoclavicular (SC) joint is classified as a synovial joint, specifically a synovial gliding joint. This classification is based on the type of movement that occurs at the joint and its anatomical structure. The SC joint is formed by the articulation between the sternum and the clavicle, allowing for a range of movements, including slight gliding motions that contribute to the arm's positioning and shoulder mobility.

This joint is not fibrous or cartilaginous, as those types involve different structural characteristics and degrees of mobility. Fibrous joints are typically immovable, while cartilaginous joints allow for limited movement, and neither aligns with the functional properties of the sternoclavicular joint. Furthermore, while it might seem that a hinge joint could apply due to the movements allowed, the true nature of the joint's movement is more representative of gliding, allowing the clavicle to smoothly elevate and depress upon the sternum and to slide forward and backward. Thus, identifying the SC joint as a synovial gliding joint accurately reflects its anatomical and functional behavior.