Why must alternating current (AC) be used in the x-ray circuit?

The requirement for using alternating current (AC) in the x-ray circuit primarily stems from the operation of transformers. Transformers are essential components in the x-ray circuit as they either step up or step down voltage levels to the necessary specifications for generating X-rays. AC is specifically required for transformers to function because they rely on the changing direction of current to create a magnetic field. This alternating magnetic field allows for the transfer of energy between coils of wire, which is the fundamental principle behind transforming voltages.

In contrast, if direct current (DC) were used, the magnetic field would be constant, and transformers would not operate effectively, preventing the necessary voltage adjustments that are critical to generating the high voltages required for x-ray production. Thus, the use of AC is not just a preference, but a fundamental necessity for the proper operation of transformers in the x-ray circuit, ensuring efficient and effective generation of X-rays.